تويت
ترجمة مقامات بديع الزمان الهمذاني
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<font face="Arabic Transparent">I. THE MAQAMA OF POESIE
‘ÍSÁ IBN HISHÁM related to us and said: Separation once hurled me hither and thither until I reached the utmost confines of Jurján.' 1 Here, to fortify myself against the days, I took some arable land which I proceeded to cultivate. I invested in some goods as my stock-in-trade, settled upon a shop as my place of business, and selected some friends whom I made my companions.
I stayed at home in the morning and in the evening, and, between these times, I was at the shop. 2
Now one day, when we were seated together discussing poetry 3 and poets, there was sitting, but a short distance off, a youth listening as if he understood, and remaining silent as though he did not know, until we were carried away by our discussion and lengthy disputation, when he said: 'Ye have found the little palm tree loaded with fruit, 4 and got the little rubbing-post. If I so desired, I could talk and that eloquently, and, were I to speak, I should quench their thirst for knowledge. 5 Yea, I would make the truth clear in the arena of eloquence so as to cause the deaf to hear and draw down the white-footed goats from their mountain haunts.' So I said: 'O learned one! Come near, for thou hast inspired us with the feeling that we shall derive much benefit from thee. Speak, for thou hast cut thy wisdom tooth.' He then approached and said: 'Question me, and I will answer you. Listen, and I will delight you.'
قُلْنَا: فَما تَقُولُ فِي الْنَّابِغَةِ? قالَ: يَثلِبُ إِذَا حَنِقَ، وَيَمْدَحُ إِذَا رَغِبَ، وَيَعْتَذِرُ إِذَا رَهِبَ، فَلاَ يَرْمي إِلاَّ صَائِباً،
قُلْنَا:فَمَا تَقُولُ فِي زُهَيرٍ? قَالَ يُذِيبُ الشِّعرَ، والشعْرُ يُذيبَهُ، وَيَدعُو القَولَ وَالسِّحْرَ يُجِيبُهُ،
We asked: 'What sayest thou to Zuheir?' He answered: 'Zuheir 7 melts poetry and poetry melts him. He summons words and enchantment answers him.'
قُلْنَا: فَمَا تَقُولُ فِي طَرَفَةَ: قَالَ: هُوَ ماَءُ الأشْعَارِ وَطينَتُها، وَكَنْزُ الْقَوَافِي وَمَديِنَتُهَا، مَاتَ وَلَمْ تَظْهَرْ أَسْرَارُ دَفَائِنِهِ وَلَمْ تُفْتَحْ أَغْلاَقُ خَزَائِنِهِ،
We said: 'What dost thou say to Ṭarafa?' 1 He replied: 'He is the very water and clay of poetry, the treasure-house and metropolis of its rhymes. He died 2 before his secret treasures came to light, or the locks of his store-houses were opened.
'قُلْنَا: فَمَا تَقُولُ فِي جَرِيرٍ وَالْفَرَزْدَقِ? أَيُّهُمَا أَسْبَقُ? فَقَالَ: جَرِيرٌ أَرَقُّ شِعْراً، وَأَغْزَرُ غَزْراً وَالْفَرَزْدَقُ أَمْتَنُ صَخْراً، وَأَكْثَرُ فَخْراً وَجَرِيرٌ أَوْجَعُ هَجْواً، وَأَشْرَفُ يَوْماً وَالْفَرَزْدَقُ أَكَثَرُ رَوْماً، وَأَكْرَمُ قَوْماً، وَجَرِيرٌ إِذَا نَسَبَ أَشْجَى، وَإِذَا ثَلَبَ أَرْدَى، وَإِذَا مَدَحَ أَسْنَى، وَالْفَرزدقُ إِذَا افْتَخَرَ أَجْزَى، وَإِذَا احْتَقرَ أَزرَى، وَإِذا وصَفَ أَوفَى،
We said: 'What sayest thou to Jarír and Farazdaq, and which of them is superior?' He answered: 'Jarír's 3 poetry is sweeter and more copious, but Farazdaq's 4 is more vigorous and more brilliant. Again Jarír is a more caustic satirist and can tell of more celebrated battles, 5 whereas al-Farazdaq is more ambitious and belongs to the nobler clan. 6 Jarír, when he sings the praises of the fair, draws tears. When he vituperates, 7 he destroys, but, when he eulogizes, he exalts. And al-Farazdaq 8 in glorying is all-sufficient. When he scorns he degrades, but, when he praises, he renders the full weed.'
قُلنَا: فَمَا تَقُولُ فِي المُحْدَثِينَ منْ الشُّعَراءِ والمُتَقَدِّمينَ مِنهُمْ? قالَ: المُتَقَدِّمونَ أَشْرفُ لَفْظاً، وَأَكثرُ منْ المَعَاني حَظاً، وَالمُتَأَخِّرونَ أَلْطَفُ صُنْعاً، وَأَرَقُّ نَسْجاً، قُلْنا: فَلَو أَرَيْتَ مِنْ أَشْعارِكَ، وَرَوَيْتَ لَنا مِنْ أَخْبارِكَ، قالَ: خُذْهَما في مَعْرِضٍ واحِدٍ، وَقالَ:
We said: 'What is thy opinion of the modern and the ancient poets?' 1 He answered: 'The language of the ancients is nobler and their themes more delightful, whereas the conceits of the moderns are more refined and their style more elegant.' We then said: 'If thou wouldst only exhibit some of thy poetry and tell us something about thyself.' He replied: 'Here are answers to both questions in one essay:--
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الْمَقَامَةُ الْقَرِيضِيّةُ
حَدّثَنَا عِيسَى بْنُ هِشَامٍ قَالَ: طَرَحَتْنيِ النّوَى مَطَارِحَهَا حَتّى إذَا وَطِئْتُ جُرْجَان الأَقْصى. فاسْتَظْهَرْتُ عَلَى الأَيامِ بِضِياعٍ أَجَلْتُ فِيهاَ يَدَ الْعِمَارةِ، وَأَمْوَالٍ وَقَفْتُهَا عَلى التّجَارَةِ، وَحَانُوتٍ جَعَلْتُهُ مَثَابَةٍ، وَرُفْقَةٍ اتّخَذْتُهَا صَحَابَةً، وَجَعَلْتُ لِلْدّارِ، حَاشِيَتَيِ النّهَار، وللحَانُوتِ بَيْنَهُمَا،
حَدّثَنَا عِيسَى بْنُ هِشَامٍ قَالَ: طَرَحَتْنيِ النّوَى مَطَارِحَهَا حَتّى إذَا وَطِئْتُ جُرْجَان الأَقْصى. فاسْتَظْهَرْتُ عَلَى الأَيامِ بِضِياعٍ أَجَلْتُ فِيهاَ يَدَ الْعِمَارةِ، وَأَمْوَالٍ وَقَفْتُهَا عَلى التّجَارَةِ، وَحَانُوتٍ جَعَلْتُهُ مَثَابَةٍ، وَرُفْقَةٍ اتّخَذْتُهَا صَحَابَةً، وَجَعَلْتُ لِلْدّارِ، حَاشِيَتَيِ النّهَار، وللحَانُوتِ بَيْنَهُمَا،
<font face="Arabic Transparent">I. THE MAQAMA OF POESIE
tr. W.J. Prendergast [1915]
<font size="5">‘ÍSÁ IBN HISHÁM related to us and said: Separation once hurled me hither and thither until I reached the utmost confines of Jurján.' 1 Here, to fortify myself against the days, I took some arable land which I proceeded to cultivate. I invested in some goods as my stock-in-trade, settled upon a shop as my place of business, and selected some friends whom I made my companions.
I stayed at home in the morning and in the evening, and, between these times, I was at the shop. 2
فَجَلَسْنَا يَوْماً نَتَذَاكَرُ القرِيضَ وَأَهْلَهُ، وَتِلْقَاءَنا شَابّ قَدْ جَلَسَ غَيْرَ بَعِيدٍ يُنْصِتُ وَكَأَنّهُ يَفْهَمُ، وَيَسْكتُ وَكَأَنّهُ لاَ يَعْلَمُ حَتّى إِذَا مَالَ الكَلاَمُ بِنَا مَيْلَهُ، وَجَرّ الْجِدَالُ فِينَا ذَيْلَهُ، قَالَ: قَدْ أَصَبْتُمْ عُذَيَقَهُ، وَوَافَيتُمْ جُذَيْلَهُ، وَلَوْ شِئْتُ لَلَفْظْتُ وَأَفَضْتُ، وَلَوْ قُلْتُ لأَصْدَرْتُ وَأَوْرَدْتُ، وَلَجَلَوْتُ الْحقّ في مَعْرَضِ بَيَانٍ يُسْمِعُ الصُّمَّ، وَيُنزلُ الْعُصْمَ، فَقُلْتُ: يَا فَاضِلُ أدْنُ فَقَدْ مَنَّيْتَ، وَهَاتِ فَقَدْ أَثْنَيتَ، فَدَنَا وَقَالَ: سَلُونِي أُجِبْكُمْ، وَاسْمَعُوا أُعْجِبْكُمْ.
Now one day, when we were seated together discussing poetry 3 and poets, there was sitting, but a short distance off, a youth listening as if he understood, and remaining silent as though he did not know, until we were carried away by our discussion and lengthy disputation, when he said: 'Ye have found the little palm tree loaded with fruit, 4 and got the little rubbing-post. If I so desired, I could talk and that eloquently, and, were I to speak, I should quench their thirst for knowledge. 5 Yea, I would make the truth clear in the arena of eloquence so as to cause the deaf to hear and draw down the white-footed goats from their mountain haunts.' So I said: 'O learned one! Come near, for thou hast inspired us with the feeling that we shall derive much benefit from thee. Speak, for thou hast cut thy wisdom tooth.' He then approached and said: 'Question me, and I will answer you. Listen, and I will delight you.'
فَقُلْنَا: مَا تَقُولُ فِي امْرِىءِ الْقَيسِ? قَالَ: هُوَ أَوَّلُ مَنْ وَقَفَ بِالدِّيارِ وَعَرَصَاتِهَا، وَاغْتَدَى وَالطَّيرُ فِي وَكَنَاتِهَا، وَوَصَفَ الْخيلَ بِصِفَاِتهَا، وَلَمْ يَقُلِ الشِّعْرَ كَاسِياً. وَلَمْ يُجِدِ القَوْلَ رَاغِباً، فَفَضَلَ مَنْ تَفَتَّقَ للْحِيلةِ لِسَانُهُ، وَاْنتَجَعَ لِلرَّغْبَة بَنَانُهُ،
So we asked him: 'What dost thou say regarding Imr al-Qais?' 1 He said: 'He was the first to stand lamenting 2 over the encampments and their areas, who set out early while the birds were still in their nests, 3 and described the points of the horse. 4 He did not compose poetry for gain, nor speak eloquently from covetousness and, therefore, he was superior to him whose tongue was loosened designingly and whose fingers were foraging for a prize.' 5
قُلْنَا: فَما تَقُولُ فِي الْنَّابِغَةِ? قالَ: يَثلِبُ إِذَا حَنِقَ، وَيَمْدَحُ إِذَا رَغِبَ، وَيَعْتَذِرُ إِذَا رَهِبَ، فَلاَ يَرْمي إِلاَّ صَائِباً،
We next asked: 'What dost thou say to Nabigah?' 6 He answered: 'He is as ready to revile, when he is angry, as he is to eulogize when he is pleased; he makes excuses when he is frightened and he shoots not but he hits.'
قُلْنَا:فَمَا تَقُولُ فِي زُهَيرٍ? قَالَ يُذِيبُ الشِّعرَ، والشعْرُ يُذيبَهُ، وَيَدعُو القَولَ وَالسِّحْرَ يُجِيبُهُ،
We asked: 'What sayest thou to Zuheir?' He answered: 'Zuheir 7 melts poetry and poetry melts him. He summons words and enchantment answers him.'
قُلْنَا: فَمَا تَقُولُ فِي طَرَفَةَ: قَالَ: هُوَ ماَءُ الأشْعَارِ وَطينَتُها، وَكَنْزُ الْقَوَافِي وَمَديِنَتُهَا، مَاتَ وَلَمْ تَظْهَرْ أَسْرَارُ دَفَائِنِهِ وَلَمْ تُفْتَحْ أَغْلاَقُ خَزَائِنِهِ،
We said: 'What dost thou say to Ṭarafa?' 1 He replied: 'He is the very water and clay of poetry, the treasure-house and metropolis of its rhymes. He died 2 before his secret treasures came to light, or the locks of his store-houses were opened.
'قُلْنَا: فَمَا تَقُولُ فِي جَرِيرٍ وَالْفَرَزْدَقِ? أَيُّهُمَا أَسْبَقُ? فَقَالَ: جَرِيرٌ أَرَقُّ شِعْراً، وَأَغْزَرُ غَزْراً وَالْفَرَزْدَقُ أَمْتَنُ صَخْراً، وَأَكْثَرُ فَخْراً وَجَرِيرٌ أَوْجَعُ هَجْواً، وَأَشْرَفُ يَوْماً وَالْفَرَزْدَقُ أَكَثَرُ رَوْماً، وَأَكْرَمُ قَوْماً، وَجَرِيرٌ إِذَا نَسَبَ أَشْجَى، وَإِذَا ثَلَبَ أَرْدَى، وَإِذَا مَدَحَ أَسْنَى، وَالْفَرزدقُ إِذَا افْتَخَرَ أَجْزَى، وَإِذَا احْتَقرَ أَزرَى، وَإِذا وصَفَ أَوفَى،
We said: 'What sayest thou to Jarír and Farazdaq, and which of them is superior?' He answered: 'Jarír's 3 poetry is sweeter and more copious, but Farazdaq's 4 is more vigorous and more brilliant. Again Jarír is a more caustic satirist and can tell of more celebrated battles, 5 whereas al-Farazdaq is more ambitious and belongs to the nobler clan. 6 Jarír, when he sings the praises of the fair, draws tears. When he vituperates, 7 he destroys, but, when he eulogizes, he exalts. And al-Farazdaq 8 in glorying is all-sufficient. When he scorns he degrades, but, when he praises, he renders the full weed.'
قُلنَا: فَمَا تَقُولُ فِي المُحْدَثِينَ منْ الشُّعَراءِ والمُتَقَدِّمينَ مِنهُمْ? قالَ: المُتَقَدِّمونَ أَشْرفُ لَفْظاً، وَأَكثرُ منْ المَعَاني حَظاً، وَالمُتَأَخِّرونَ أَلْطَفُ صُنْعاً، وَأَرَقُّ نَسْجاً، قُلْنا: فَلَو أَرَيْتَ مِنْ أَشْعارِكَ، وَرَوَيْتَ لَنا مِنْ أَخْبارِكَ، قالَ: خُذْهَما في مَعْرِضٍ واحِدٍ، وَقالَ:
We said: 'What is thy opinion of the modern and the ancient poets?' 1 He answered: 'The language of the ancients is nobler and their themes more delightful, whereas the conceits of the moderns are more refined and their style more elegant.' We then said: 'If thou wouldst only exhibit some of thy poetry and tell us something about thyself.' He replied: 'Here are answers to both questions in one essay:--
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