Main clauses and the subordinate clauses

The underlined clauses are subordinate clauses


We knew that the bridge was unsafe.
He didn't go to his work yesterday, because he was ill.
He didn't go to his work today because he was ill
Possibly the action has happened before the time of speaking
He doesn't go to his work today because he is ill.


The sequence of tenses



Tense of verb in main clause \\\ Tense of verb in subordinate clause

Present He thinks that it will rain. Future simple
Past He thought that it would rain.* Conditional
Present He sees that he has made a mistake. Pres. perf.
Past He saw that he had made a mistake.* Past perf.
Present I work so hard that I am always tired. Present
Past I worked so hard that I was always tired.* Past
Pres. perf. He has done all that is necessary. Present
Past perf. He had done all that was necessary.* Past
Present He says that he is going to eat it. Pres. continuous
Past He said that he was going to eat it.* Past continuous

Note that infinitive and gerunds are not affected by the above rules:

He wants to go to Lyons. He wanted to go to Lyons. Infinitive
He likes riding. He liked riding. Gerund



في مثل نمط الجملة تحت من الممكن أن ياتي المضارع بعد الأبتداء بالماضي

He was graduated as an engineer at 1999 but now he works as a trader.

الفعل الأول \\ الفعل الثاني

مضارع بسيط ------ مستقبل بسيط
ماضي بسيط ---- مستقبل بالماضي
مضارع بسيط ------- مضارع تام
ماضي بسيط --------- ماضي تام
مضارع بسيط ------ مضارع بسيط
ماضي بسيط ------ ماضي بسيط
مضارع تام ----- مضارع بسيط
ماضي تام ----- ماضي بسيط
مضارع بسيط ----- مضارع مستمر
ماضي بسيط ---- ماضي مستمر